The Sacred Valley of the Incas is one of those places that feels alive from the very first moment. Not only because of its Andean landscapes, shaped by mountains and rivers, but also because of the history that can still be felt in its villages, paths and agricultural terraces. Walking through this valley means entering a space where time seems to move more slowly.

For centuries, this land witnessed the growth of one of the most important civilizations in the Americas. Today, the Sacred Valley remains essential for understanding Andean culture, its deep connection with nature and the way daily life was organized in harmony with the environment.

Where Is the Sacred Valley of the Incas Located?

The Sacred Valley is located in the Cusco region, in southeastern Peru, following the course of the Vilcanota River, also known as the Urubamba River. It stretches between the towns of Pisac and Ollantaytambo, sitting at a lower altitude than the city of Cusco — roughly 2,800 to 3,000 meters above sea level — which gives it a milder and more pleasant climate throughout most of the year.

This strategic location played a key role in the valley's development. Thanks to its fertile lands and constant access to water, it became a major food production center and an important route connecting different parts of the Inca Empire. Today, that same geography makes the Sacred Valley an ideal stop for travelers heading to Machu Picchu.

History of the Sacred Valley

The history of the Sacred Valley is closely tied to the expansion of the Inca Empire. This territory was considered sacred because of its fertility and the presence of surrounding mountains that, according to Andean beliefs, were protective spirits known as apus.

Before the Incas arrived, the valley was already inhabited by farming communities. However, during Inca rule, impressive urban centers, temples and agricultural terraces were built, many of which still stand today. These structures reflect the advanced knowledge the Incas had in engineering, astronomy and agriculture — a legacy that continues to attract visitors from around the world.

Top Sites to Visit in the Sacred Valley

Ollantaytambo

Ollantaytambo is one of the clearest examples of Inca urban planning. The town preserves its original streets, water channels and stone walls that are still used by local residents, making it a unique living heritage site. Beyond its historical value, Ollantaytambo was an important military and religious center. Its massive stone terraces climb the mountainside, showcasing Inca engineering at its finest. The Temple of the Sun, made of enormous stone blocks transported from a quarry over 6 kilometers away, remains one of the most impressive structures in all of Peru.

Ollantaytambo is also the main departure point for trains to Machu Picchu, so most travelers pass through this town at least once during their trip.

Pisac

Pisac is a major archaeological site known for its impressive hillside ruins and vibrant artisan market. The ruins are perched high above the town, offering panoramic views of the entire valley. You will find agricultural terraces, temples and ancient tombs carved into the cliffs.

After exploring the ruins, the town below hosts one of the most famous markets in Peru, where local artisans sell handmade textiles, ceramics, jewelry and other traditional crafts. It is a perfect place to pick up authentic souvenirs.

Moray Terraces

Moray is one of the most fascinating and unusual Inca sites in the region. At first glance, the circular terraces look like a giant green amphitheater — a vast bowl of layers descending into the earth. Each level has its own microclimate, and researchers believe the Incas used Moray as an agricultural research center to experiment with growing conditions for different crops. It is a short drive from the town of Maras and is often visited as part of a combined tour.

Salt Mines of Maras (Salineras)

The Maras Salt Mines are a stunning and unique attraction consisting of thousands of terraced salt pools cascading down the mountainside. These pools have been in use since before the Inca period, and local families still harvest salt here using traditional methods. The sight of the white salt pans against the brown Andean landscape is truly unforgettable and makes for incredible photographs.

Chinchero

Chinchero is a traditional Andean village believed by the Incas to be the birthplace of the rainbow. Today, it combines a colonial church built on top of Inca foundations with archaeological remains and a vibrant local market. One of the highlights is visiting a local family for a traditional weaving demonstration, where you can learn about the ancient techniques and natural dyes used to create colorful textiles.

Adventure Activities in the Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley is not just about history and culture — it also offers some of the best adventure activities in Peru.

White Water Rafting on the Urubamba River provides an exciting way to experience the valley from the water, with options for beginners and experienced rafters alike. Zip-lining between Urubamba and Ollantaytambo lets you soar over the valley at heights that offer breathtaking views. To reach the zip lines, you ascend a Via Ferrata that traverses a steep rock face — an adventure in itself.

Mountain biking from Moray down to Maras is one of the most popular active excursions, taking you through open fields and past salt mines with panoramic views of the Andes. Paragliding in Chinchero gives you a bird's-eye view of the Sacred Valley and surrounding peaks. And for those who prefer a more relaxed pace, horseback riding through the valley's countryside offers a peaceful way to enjoy the landscape.

How to Get to the Sacred Valley from Cusco

The Sacred Valley is easily accessible from Cusco, located about 30 to 45 minutes by road depending on your destination within the valley. There are several ways to get there:

By organized tour: This is the most popular and convenient option. A full-day Sacred Valley tour typically covers Pisac, Ollantaytambo, Chinchero and other sites, with transportation, a guide and lunch included. At Cusco Tours, we offer personalized Sacred Valley tours tailored to your interests and schedule.

By colectivo (shared minivan): Local minivans depart regularly from Cusco to towns like Pisac, Urubamba and Ollantaytambo. This is the most affordable option, though less comfortable and without a guide.

By private transport: You can hire a private driver or rent a car to explore the valley at your own pace. The roads are paved and well-maintained.

Best Time to Visit the Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley enjoys a milder climate than Cusco year-round, but timing your visit can make a big difference in your experience.

Dry season (May to October): This is the most popular time to visit, with clear skies, warm days and cool nights. Temperatures range from 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F) during the day and can drop to 2°C to 5°C (35°F to 41°F) at night. This is ideal for hiking, photography and outdoor activities.

Rainy season (November to March): The valley is greener and more lush during this period, but expect afternoon showers. Mornings are usually clear, so early starts are recommended. The upside is fewer crowds and lower prices.

Shoulder months (April and November): These transition months often offer the best of both worlds — decent weather with fewer tourists.

Practical Travel Tips

Boleto Turístico: Most archaeological sites in the Sacred Valley (Pisac, Ollantaytambo, Moray, Chinchero) require the Boleto Turístico, a tourist ticket that covers multiple sites. You can purchase it in Cusco or at the entrance to any of the included sites.

Altitude: The Sacred Valley sits lower than Cusco, making it an excellent place to acclimatize before heading to higher elevations. If you are arriving directly from sea level, spending your first day or two in the valley can help prevent altitude sickness.

What to bring: Sunscreen and a hat are essential — the Andean sun is intense, even on cloudy days. Bring layers for temperature changes throughout the day, comfortable walking shoes, and a rain jacket during the wet season.

Currency: Peruvian Soles are preferred everywhere. Some tourist-oriented shops accept US dollars, but you will get a better rate paying in local currency. ATMs are available in Urubamba and Ollantaytambo.

Flora and Fauna of the Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley is home to diverse plant and animal life thanks to the variety of microclimates found throughout the region. Traditional crops such as corn, potatoes and quinoa grow in the fields, along with medicinal plants like muña and coca that are still part of daily life in local communities.

As for wildlife, Andean birds including hummingbirds and hawks are commonly seen, along with vizcachas (Andean rodents that resemble rabbits), llamas and alpacas. These animals have been essential to Andean life since ancient times, playing an important role in food, traditions and spiritual practices.

Plan Your Sacred Valley Tour

The Sacred Valley of the Incas is much more than a historical place. It is a living landscape where nature and culture come together naturally, showing how a civilization learned to live in balance with its surroundings. Every corner of the valley tells a story that invites observation, reflection and understanding.

Whether you want to explore ancient ruins, experience adventure activities or simply take in the stunning mountain scenery, the Sacred Valley deserves at least a full day of your trip to Cusco.

Ready to explore the Sacred Valley? At Cusco Tours, we design personalized itineraries that match your interests, schedule and travel style. From full-day tours covering the main sites to custom multi-day experiences, we help you discover the valley at your own pace. Contact us to plan your Sacred Valley adventure.

Frequently Asked Questions About the Sacred Valley

What is the Sacred Valley of the Incas?

The Sacred Valley is a historical and cultural region located between Cusco and Machu Picchu in Peru. It follows the Urubamba River and includes important Inca archaeological sites, traditional villages and stunning Andean landscapes.

Why was the Sacred Valley important to the Incas?

The valley was important because of its fertile land, favorable climate and strategic location, which allowed food production and communication between different regions of the Inca Empire. The surrounding mountains were also considered sacred protective spirits.

Which towns are part of the Sacred Valley?

The main towns include Pisac, Urubamba, Ollantaytambo, Chinchero and Calca. Each has its own character, history and attractions worth exploring.

How long do you need to visit the Sacred Valley?

A full-day tour covers the main highlights, but spending two days allows you to explore at a more relaxed pace and include adventure activities. Some travelers use the valley as a base for several days while visiting Machu Picchu and other nearby attractions.

Can you visit the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu in the same day?

It is possible but not recommended. The Sacred Valley alone deserves a full day, and rushing through both means missing the best of each destination. We suggest dedicating at least one full day to the valley and a separate day for Machu Picchu.

Is the Sacred Valley good for acclimatization?

Yes. The valley sits at a lower altitude than Cusco (about 2,800 meters versus 3,400 meters), making it an ideal place to adjust to the elevation before heading to higher sites.